|
| bwv = 39 | type = Church cantata | image = BWV39-autograph-score-sinfonia.jpg | caption = Opening orchestral ''Sinfonia'' from Bach's autograph score | occasion = First Sunday after Trinity | performed = | movements = 7 in two parts (3 + 4) | text_poet = anonymous | bible_text = | chorale = by David Denicke | vocal = | instrumental = }} ''ドイツ語:Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot'' (Break your bread for the hungry),〔 , is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig and first performed it on 23 June 1726, the first Sunday after Trinity. About three years earlier, on the first Sunday after Trinity of 1723, Bach had taken office as ドイツ語:Thomaskantor and started his first cycle of cantatas for the occasions of the liturgical year, and on the first Sunday after Trinity 1724 he began his second cycle, consisting of chorale cantatas. As he composed no new work for the first Sunday after Trinity 1725, ''ドイツ語:Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot'' is regarded as part of his third cantata cycle. The text is from a 1704 collection attributed to Duke Ernst Ludwig von Sachsen-Meiningen. The symmetrical structure of seven movements is typical for this collection, beginning with a quotation from the Old Testament, culminating in a central quotation from the New Testament and ending with a chorale. The theme is an invocation to be grateful for God's gifts and to share them with the needy. Bach set the opening movement as a complex choral structure, but the central movement as a simple solo for the bass voice, traditionally considered the voice of Jesus. The instrumentation is for woodwinds and strings, including recorders as a symbol of poverty, need and humility. It is possibly the last time that Bach scored recorders in his cantatas. == History and text == Bach composed the cantata for the first Sunday after Trinity.〔 This Sunday marks the beginning of the second half of the liturgical year, "in which core issues of faith and doctrine are explored".〔 Bach had taken office as ドイツ語:Thomaskantor in Leipzig on that occasion in 1723, responsible for the education of the Thomanerchor, performances in the regular services in the main churches of the town including ドイツ語:Thomaskirche and the ドイツ語:Nikolaikirche.〔 He had started the project of composing one cantata for each Sunday and holiday of the liturgical year,〔 termed by Christoph Wolff "an artistic undertaking on the largest scale".〔 In 1724 he started a project on the first Sunday after Trinity to exclusively compose chorale cantatas, based on the main Lutheran hymn for the respective occasion.〔 After two years of regular cantata composition, Bach performed a cantata by his relative Johann Ludwig Bach for the first Sunday after Trinity in 1725, and it was not until one year later, at the start of his fourth year in the office, that he composed ''ドイツ語:Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot'' for the occasion.〔 The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the First Epistle of John, (the "God is Love" verses, ), and from the Gospel of Luke (the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus, ). While Bach's first cantata for the occasion, ドイツ語:''Die Elenden sollen essen'', BWV 75 (1723), had concentrated on the contrast of rich and poor, and his second one, the chorale cantata ドイツ語:''O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort'', BWV 20 (1724), had reflected on repentance, the theme of ''ドイツ語:Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot'' was to be grateful for God's gifts and share them with the needy.〔 According to Christoph Wolff and Klaus Hofmann, the cantata text is taken from a 1704 collection which is attributed to Duke Ernst Ludwig von Sachsen-Meiningen.〔〔 Works from this collection had been set to music by the court composer Johann Ludwig Bach, whose cantatas Bach had frequently performed in 1725. They all start with an Old Testament quotation, then focus on a New Testament passage in a central movement.〔 The librettist organized the text in seven poetic movements, divided into two distinct parts. Both parts begin with a quotation from the Bible, but not, as in several other Bach cantatas, taken from the prescribed readings. Part I starts with a quotation from the Book of Isaiah (), Part II begins with a quotation from the Epistle to the Hebrews (), which forms the text for the central fourth movement. The first part derives from the words of the prophet a call to love one's neighbour and to share God's gifts, the second part similarly deals with thanks for God's gifts and makes a promise to love one's neighbour and share. The poet closed the cantata with stanza 6 from David Denicke's hymn "ドイツ語:Kommt, laßt euch den Herren lehren" (1648),〔 which summarizes the ideas.〔 This hymn is sung to the melody of "ドイツ語:Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele", which was codified by Louis Bourgeois when setting the Geneva Psalm 42 in his collection of ''Psaumes octante trios de David'' (Geneva, 1551). Bourgeois seems to have been influenced by the secular song "フランス語:Ne l'oseray je dire" contained in the ''Manuscrit de Bayeux'' published around 1510.〔〔 Bach first performed the cantata on 23 June 1726.〔 It is considered to be part of Bach's third annual cantata cycle in Leipzig. While the first and second cycle lasted one year, according to Christoph Wolff, the cantatas of the third cycle date from a period beginning on the first Sunday after Trinity, 3 June 1725, and lasting for about three years.〔 Musicologist Julian Mincham notes that "Bach attached personal significance to this particular day and consequently sought to parade a work of considerable substance".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|